The cry for the our environment has been antiquated now, cutting tree, pollution from machines, sky touching chimneys are some key issues for environmentalist to amplify the cry, the solution for them are even worse, plant more trees, use public transport and the worst stop industrialization. The question is do we follow or even listen to these arguments? Answer is no,  with growing urbanization we all need homes to live, no one wants to live in villages, to create handsome dwelling places we need to cut tree. We talk about stopping Industrialization but most of the developed economy have a strong foundation of Industrialization, and they are not so much polluted either.Carbon Tax is one of the terms that has made huge impact on us, many countries are now strictly following the norms of carbo tax. Another such recent term that has been coined is called the Green House.

Definition

Green building is a design philosophy which higlights the efficiency of resource use, while reducing building impacts on the environment, through better construction Practices. In short a common view is that building, be it commercial or residential, should be designed and operated in a way to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health.It tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally.

Architectural Hazards
As of 2006, buildings used 40 percent of the total energy consumed in both the US and European Union. In the US, 54 percent of that percentage was consumed by residential buildings and 46 percent by commercial buildings. In 2002, buildings used approximately 68 percent of the total electricity consumed in the United States with 51 percent for residential use and 49 percent for commercial use. 38 percent of the total amount of carbon dioxide in the United States can be attributed to buildings, 21 percent from homes and 17.5 percent from commercial uses. Buildings account for 12.2 percent of the total amount of water consumed per day in the United States. Leading underground water shortage in these developed countries.(Data provided by http://www.Wikipedia.org). Keeping this in mind, reducing the amount of natural resources buildings consume and the amount of pollution given off could be seen as major source for environmental imbalance.
Although these green houses are some times considered to be cost ineffective but a recent study by World Business Council for Sustainable Development finds that green costs are overestimated by 300 percent.Effective green buildings are more than just a random collection of environmental friendly technologies, infact they are just primitive architectural knowledge fused with modern approach.

Green architecture aims at reducing waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. Consider for example, in California nearly 60% of the state’s waste comes from commercial buildings.To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. “Greywater”, wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash cars, thereby reducing the same burden from Rainwater, also it helps in maintaing a healthy groundwater level

Green House At International Stage.
In 2004, the European Commission initiated the GreenBuilding Programme (GBP). This programme aims at improving the energy efficiency and expanding the integration of renewable energies in non-residential buildings in Europe on a voluntary basis. The programme addresses owners of non-residential buildings to realise cost-effective measures which enhance the energy efficiency of their buildings in one or more technical disciplines.

In the years 2005-2006, the GreenBuilding infrastructure was set up in ten European countries. The successful work is now being continued in a 2nd phase – called GreenBuildinPlus – that started December 2007. The GreenBuilding project is supported by the European Commission’s Intelligent Energy Europe Programme.

As per the current situation the contribution from building construction could be considered as a drop of water in ocean, but in near future this drop of water may cause a flood that would be impossible to controll.

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Honda Motors Co Ltd, the the second largest car maker of Japan is preparing to unveil it’s electric car in U.S. by around 2015 seeing the tighter environmental regulation pushing for zero pollution vehicle demand.This is the next large automaker to announce electric car(zero emission vehicle). The report is published in Japan’s Nikkei newspaper on 22 August Saturday. The newspaper claims that Honda will unveil it’s prototype vehicle in upcoming Tokyo Auto show in October. Nissan Japan’s third biggest automaker has already announced it’s electric car Nissan Leaf in the beginning of this month.

The car will be equipped with an electric motor running on with lithium-ion batteries. The vehicle is expected to be a hatchback. Honda is also concentrating for gasoline-electric as well as hydrogen fuel-cell models.

The other rivals like Toyota Motors and Volkswagen have already announced the concept of making of such electric cars. The first rival Nissan has said that it will produce 100,000 cars a year by 2012 and putting a lot of money in this project.

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Natural resources are in limited amount and it takes millions of year(sometimes exceeds 650 million years) to transform buried dead organism to fossil fuel. So sooner or later one day the world will be out of fossil fuel and may be then we have to dependent only on Renewable Energy Sources. It has been said that global crude oil production is on its peak and is declining day by day. Peaking is a simple concept. Generally graph of  uses of any natural resource is like bell shape, first it increases gradually until it reaches to it’s peak and then gradually decreases and finally ends up and we switch to another. Now oil production is on it’s peak and it is said that in few decades we will be  ”out of oil”. The decline rate is expected to accelerate 10% per year by 2030.

The peak is reached when resources becomes difficult to extract or cost goes very high because of  high extraction price or shortage. Sometimes peak comes when one fuel is replaced by other cheaper and better fuel. Unfortunately, this time we don’t have cheaper or better option for oil.

Natural gas is likewise expected to reach on it’s peak around 2010-2020 and coal around 2020-2030. Natural gas and coal itself contribute 86% of world’s primary energy source. By the end of this century nearly all the easily recoverable fossil fuel will be gone and the world will suffer the shortage of these fuels. Right now we have the options of renewable energy source like wind, solar and geothermal but these contribute only 2%. So we have to research and develop renewable sources such that they can contribute a good percent but expert are saying the gap of fossil fuel would not be filled by only these.

The coming shortage of fossil fuel is just like energy crisis and it will be the most serious crisis, the world has ever faced. We have to think of proper use of energy and more and more energy saving techniques. America which has 2% of world’s population, uses 25%  of it’s fuel. We have to re-localized many things. The food we eat comes from distant with a huge amount of wastage of fuel. In many places in world people eat each calorie at the cost of 10 calorie fuel. Much more fuel goes waste in transportation. Public transport should be used more instead of people running super luxury very low mileage cars wasting a lot of fuels. Metro trains are good because they are comfortable, takes less time and no fuel is wasted in traffic.

In theory the earth renewable energy sources wind, solar, geothermal and marine can produce more energy than the word uses daily. So we should develop techniques to better harvest these sources.

There are much more advantages of using renewable energy like it will provide us a pollution-free environment, safer , healthier, more resilient and equitable world.

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Drinking water to many of us is more precious than gold , that’s because although 70 % of Earth is water , only 2.5 percent of it is fresh water, and three-quarters of that is locked up in glaciers and permanent snow cover. Only 0.3 percent of the water is surface water, found in rivers and lakes. The rest is buried deep in the ground. The major source of domestic consumption is ground water. Ground water is primarily is used for irrigation, household consumption. Coming to the source for ground water, there are limited one, the primary source remains the rain, the second is how we dispose out the water, ultimately which seeps into the earth and maintains the ground water level. In many parts of the world the rate at which the water is used has surpassed the rate at which it is being replaced, causing a cry for availability of drinking water.

India is on the verge of acute ground water scarcity, with wide area is under ground water depletion threat, expert say that in next 35-40 years the problem is going to worsen. The data reveals that over exploited regions have increased from 4% to 15 % in a short span (1994- 2005). Irrigation has been a major client for groundwater and is expected that demand would increase to 813 BCM in 2010, and further to 1,093 in 2025 and by 2050 it would be around 1,123 ( source ). Saline water has been reported to creped in Delhi making the water unfit for drinking. Water level has gone down drastically in such states as Delhi, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh in the northern region, Gujarat, Daman and Diu in the west and Andhra and Tamil Nadu in the south. These data clearly shows that water level in India could be a serious problem in times to come.

The global ground water crisis is similar and is some cases even worse.In west Asia over 90 per cent of the region’s population is experiencing severe water stress( defined as areas where water consumption is more than 10 percent of renewable freshwater resources ). Projections are made that by 2032 nearly half of world would be in water crisis. World Watch Institute estimates that every minute, 1.1 million liters (300,000 gallons) of raw sewage are dumped into the Ganges River, the primary source of water for many Indians. About 80 % water in Asia, 14 % in Latin America is treated, sewage is not universally treated, according to UNEP. In big cities about 40 % water is being lost due to poor systems.

Story does not ends here, scarcity of water is just one side of the coin, the other side is huge demands for power supply. With water level going down the pump installed would require more power to get the ground water, this would futher cause pollution to increase. As a major source of power is thermal energy, this will further worsen the situation. African countries where women need to walk kilometers to collect water, cannot give proper attention to their children. Clearly the ground water concern is not much in hot discussions. Like global warming, ground water depletion is clearly a  serious threat us.

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Global warming today is the prime concern for many countries today, as industrialisation is rapidly engulfing every part of the sphere so does the pollution doing with the atmosphere. With carbon content rising rapidly causing  global warming ,scientist are afraid if some serious measures are not taken no doubt the world soon be on the verge of end. Already the green land has showed the sign of melting ice at a rapid rate, leading to rise of sea level every where. The other aspect of global warming is the UV rays falling directly on earth causing wide range of skin diseases. Average temperature is already reached new limits.

With all this in mind a new term has evolved and called as CARBON TAX this is like other indirect tax that are levied on us, rather these taxes are imposed on countries rather than on individual. The main idea regarding carbon tax is to force countries to go for renewable resources such as wind, solar energy, wind energy etc.

The government sets a price per ton on carbon, then translates it into a tax on electricity generation and  natural gas . Because carbon tax makes these fossils fuels more­ expensive, it encourages businesses and individuals to reduce consumption and increase energy efficiency. Carbon tax also makes alternative energy more cost-competitive with cheaper, polluting fossils fuels.

Carbon tax is based on the concept of negative externalities. Externalities are benifits that are produced when some good and services are produced. Negative externalities are cost paid by the society, since the lawmakers think that with carbon pollution every one in the society suffers, the corporates need to pay for such social cost. The one liner is if you make the society dirty, clean it or pay for it.

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What is Global Warming?

The definition of global warming is the increase of average temperature(mean temp) on earth. As the earth is getting hotter, disasters are more  frequent these days.Data shows that earth is getting

warmer every year. Out of 20 warmest year on record, 19 are since 1980 and the hottest year ever observed are in recent eight years. The main issue is the fast change in temperature. The cause behind the global warming is greenhouse effect.

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

The sun is the only source of light on our planet. Earth absorbs two third and radiates one third of this radiation energy causing increase in temperature of the earth atmosphere. This process is called greenhouse effect. Basically the greenhouse effect is seen when rays of sun falls on walls and glasses of greenhouse increasing the temperature inside this. Here on our planet our atmosphere works as glass walls, so the things are pretty much different from that case.

The infrared rays coming from sun immediately increases the temperature making atmosphere warm, the reason is that the infrared radiation can be absorbed by the atmosphere. Without this process the earth would have temperature around –18 degree Celsius and it was impossible to survive here.

Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon makes up 98% of the earth atmosphere but these gases are not capable of absorbing significant amount infrared radiation thus do not contribute any roll in greenhouse effect. The gases like carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbon absorbs infrared making atmosphere warm.

Studies indicates that about 2.7 billion years ago there was so much amount of CO2 and methane in earth atmosphere that the average temperature was about 70 degree Celsius and it was impossible to survive. Through bacteria and plants CO2 is slowly changed into oxygen and now the concentration of CO2 in atmosphere is about 0.038% of total. As soon as the concentration of these gases increases the average temperature of earth increases. This is the whole concept behind the greenhouse effect.

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